Episodes Nearest to June 1, 1857 to June 30, 1857: 1 through 25 of 25
- Hinton Rowan Helper publishes The Impending Crisis of the South: How To Meet It
June, 1857
ROWAN, North Carolina
Race-Relations, SlaveryHinton R. Helper, a southerner, publishes his book entitled The Impending Crisis of the South: How to Meet It. Helper champions the nonslaveholding Southern whites while denouncing Southern slave masters as lords of the lash.' Helper concluded that slavery was impeding the South's economic, social, and cultural development. Using the 1850 census, Helper used demographic statistics...
- Southern Reaction to Senator Stephen A. Douglas Delivers Speech that Eventually Evolves into Freeport Doctrine (Delivered in Springfield, Illinois)
June 12, 1857
HENRICO, Virginia
Race-Relations, SlaverySenator Stephen Douglas, who sponsored the Kansas-Nebraska Act, delivered a speech supporting the Supreme Court's decision in Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857. Echoing the words of sympathetic southern slaveowners, Douglas agreed that a slaveholder's right to carry his property (i.e. slaves) in and out of U.S. territory continued in full force under the guarantees of the Constitution.'...
- Southern Reaction to Lincoln's Speech on Amalgamation' in Springfield, Illinois
June 26, 1857
HENRICO, Virginia
Race-Relations, SlaveryAbraham Lincoln delivered a speech in response to Senator Stephen Douglas's speech on June 12 in Springfield, Illinois. Lincoln noted a natural disgust in the minds of nearly all white people, to the idea of an indiscriminate amalgamation of the white and black races.' He assured his audience that although the Republican Party deemed the Declaration of Independence's famous line...
- A Balanced Man
June 27, 1857
BALTIMORE, Maryland
AgricultureA tobacco planter of Cedar Park, Maryland, Thomas S. Mercer kept a concise diary of daily activities. His diary consists of the condition of agriculture, weather, and his social life. Mercer was an ordinary Maryland yeoman farmer. As a yeoman farmer he relied on family and never mentioned the use of slave labor, except that of hired servants. He grew Maryland's first staple crop of tobacco as...
- Fugitive Slave and Author Delivers Speech in Glasgow, Scotland
June 2, 1857
SUMTER, South Carolina
Race-Relations, SlaveryJohn Andrew Jackson was a slave living under the lash in Sumter County, South Carolina. After years of servitude, Jackson fled slavery when he was separated by sale from his wife and child in 1846. Jackson worked briefly in Charleston, South Carolina before he stowed away on a vessel bound for Boston, Massachusetts. He settled in Salem and worked part-time as a sawmill operative and leather tanner....
- A Former Slave's Account on Abolition
1857
MONTGOMERY, Maryland
Crime/Violence, Race-Relations, SlaveryFrederick Douglass perceived Maryland to be a state that possessed slavery in its mildest form. In one of his books, My bondage and my freedom, Douglass showed the truth to a doubting nation that believed that Maryland divested of the harsh and terrible occurrences that characterized the slave system. Douglass challenged the argument that Maryland was not a state harsh on its slaves by comparing...
- Harriet's Freedom
1857
SHELBY, Alabama
African-Americans, Law, Migration/Transportation, SlaveryHarriet knew that when she turned twenty-seven years old, she was free. Harriet's mother, Phyllis, was the slave of Alexander Nelson. In his will, Nelson manumitted Phyllis at the age of thirty-five and all of her daughters at age twenty-seven. Phyllis died on the way to Liberia, but Harriet still wanted her chance at freedom. In 1857, however, Harriet was over twenty-seven years old and still...
- Harriet's Freedom
1857
SHELBY, Alabama
African-Americans, Law, Migration/Transportation, SlaveryHarriet knew that when she turned twenty-seven years old, she was free. Harriet's mother, Phyllis, was the slave of Alexander Nelson. In his will, Nelson manumitted Phyllis at the age of thirty-five and all of her daughters at age twenty-seven. Phyllis died on the way to Liberia, but Harriet still wanted her chance at freedom. In 1857, however, Harriet was over twenty-seven years old and still...
- The Nineteenth-Century Web of Race and Divorce
1857
LOWNDES, Mississippi
African-Americans, Crime/Violence, Law, Race-Relations, WomenHaving a petition granted for divorce was hard to come by in the nineteenth-century. However, each year many divorce petitions were filed in the South. In 1857, Mrs. Charlotte Smith of Lowndes County, Mississippi stated that she caught her husband committing adultery with a negro girl named Nancy in April of that year. Mrs. Smith, devastated by her husband's crime, filed for divorce, alimony,...
- Order On Plantations
1857
FRANKLIN, Florida
Slave, plantationMaintaining order on a plantation that was dependent on slavery was very important. To achieve this slaves required positive aspects in their life to look forward to. These privileges drove them to work. The creation of task systems and gang systems were frequent practices and established content lives among workers. Task systems were designed so that each slave had one engagement he or she was...
- Greenville Baptist Female College: A First of its Kind
1857
GREENVILLE, South Carolina
women's education, Educational SystemThe first women’s college in the “Golden Corner” of South Carolina was established in 1856 under the name Greenville Baptist Female College. It was affiliated with the Baptist Church, but students were from various denominations. The first course catalogue was printed in 1857. It gives a list of the trustees, faculty and students. The college was established in order to help educate the...
- A Reformer Notes How the Medical Profession is Detrimental to the Health of Americans of the 1800s.
January 1, 1857 to December 31, 1857
SOMERSET, New Jersey
Medicine, Public Health, 1800sIronically detrimental to the health of Americans during the 1800s was the medicinal trade itself; “the medical profession in America [bore] the evils of haste and irregularity incident to so many of its institutions. It [was] a country of many and violent diseases” (Nichols, 363). Firstly, becoming a doctor was simple enough to be achieved by virtually anyone. Attaining a certificate...
- George Thompson's “Pleas for Slavery Answered”
1857
HAMILTON, Ohio
Sierra Leone, missionary, Mendi, George Thompson“Africa is calling,” exclaimed George Thompson in his pamphlet “Pleas for Slavery Answered,” “‘come over and help us, come and help us ere we die; O, Christians, to us fly, in Africa.’” For the American missionary, advocating for anti-slavery through speeches and print was not enough. Thompson urged white Christians to go to Africa to “repent of [their] Wickedness” and to repay...
- The Hate Crime In Louisville
May 20, 1857
JEFFERSON, Kentucky
racial violence, African-AmericansThe hate crime that occurred in Louisville, Kentucky, on May 20, 1857, was "one of the most shocking instances of cruelty and of mob violence that has transpired in this country for years." A group of slaves from Louisville had been accused of a crime. A white jury found the slaves not guilty, which angered a mob of whites who wanted the slaves executed for a crime that they clearly did not commit....
- Suspected Stolen
February 25, 1857 to 1857
ORLEANS, Louisiana
African-Americans, Race-RelationsBehind bars, Aaron, a free black man, was trying to figure out the contacts he could reach that would help to confirm his freedom. Was there any way he could reach his wife, other relatives, or his previous owner? Aaron was turned in to the authorities on February 25, 1857 by a white man, G.W. Mormon, suspected of being stolen from Alabama.
The dispute between black and white authority frequently...
- Tribulations after the Trail
August 14, 1857
CLARK, Washington
Westward Expansion, Oregon TrailHistorian Frederick Turner once described the frontier as "the meeting point between savagery and civilization." On the journey out west, wagons were pillaged by Native Americans who stole animals and destroyed necessities, seeking revenge for the intrusion up their land. Westward travelers saw their destinations as safe havens; however, the troubles did not end when their journey did. As each party...
- African Slave Trade in the United States
April 1, 1857
NEW YORK, New York
African-Americans, Slave TradeThe United States Congress outlawed the African slave trade in 1808, but there were some who still took part in the slave trade, knowing it was illegal. Some southerners even talked about reviving the slave trade in the mid-1850s, but most Americans opposed this idea, and numerous slave smugglers were put on trial in the United States. According to the New York Herald, "the United States...
- The Changing Nature of the Institution of Slavery
March 12, 1857
Washington City, District of Columbia
African-Americans, Church/Religious-Activity, Economy, Government, Law, Politics, Migration/Transportation, Race-Relations, Urban-Life/BoosterismIn the Supreme Court case of Dred Scott v. Sandford, Chief Justice Roger Taney delivered the opinion of the court, concluding that people of African decent, whether or not they were bound by slavery or free, could never become citizens of the United States and furthermore, that Congress had no right to create or administer territories. It was also the opinion of the Court that the Constitution could...
- The Effects of the Dred Scott Decision
March 10, 1857
RICHMOND, Virginia
African-Americans, Law, SlaveryThe Dred Scott decision of March 6, 1857, brought to a head the tension surrounding the issue of slavery in the United States.In the case, the Supreme Court ruled that Scott was still a slave, and therefore, and no right to file suit in a United States court as he was not a citizen and did not have the rights of such.The Enquirer, a Democratic newspaper, greeted this decision with great applause.The...
- Dred Scott v. Sanford
March 6, 1857
WASHINGTON, Virginia
African-Americans, Race-Relations, SlaveryDred Scott was a slave living in Missouri. Between the years of 1833 and 1843 Scott lived in Illinois (a free state) and a part of the Louisiana Territory that barred slavery under the Missouri Compromise of 1820. When he returned home to Missouri, Scott claimed that after living in a free state he had become a free man and was no longer a slave. Scott's master, Mr. John F. A. Sanford, claimed...
- Tariff of 1857
March 3, 1857
Washington City, District of Columbia
EconomyPassed with some hope to elude the impending economic crisis, the Tariff of 1857 was the lowest tariff enacted by Congress since 1816. The tariff was partially passed in order to rectify the conflict between the woolen manufacturers and producers, both of whom were badly hit with the 1846 tariff, which had raised the duties on raw wools to thirty percent and reduced that on flannels and blankets...
- Hunter Amendment adopted in Congress
February 24, 1857
Washington City, District of Columbia
EconomyAfter one day of debate on the Senate floor, the Hunter Amendment, named after Robert M. T. Hunter of Virginia, was passed by a vote of 32-12. The Hunter Amendment to the Tariff of 1857 included a reduction in all tariff schedules by twenty to twenty-five percent. Hunter's bill, which reduced the duty on iron from thirty to twenty-four percent, caused iron manufacturers in Pennsylvania to...
- Reverand Glennie Baptizes in Litchfield
February 6, 1857
GEORGETOWN, South Carolina
Church/Religious-ActivityOn February 6, 1857, Reverend Alexander Glennie visited a plantation in Litchfield, South Carolina. On this particular morning, he performed morning services and conducted three adult baptisms. The act of baptism is a vital part of Christianity, and was highly regarded as an important event in one's life during this time. To Christians in South Carolina, and in the general region, to be baptized...
- Widespread and Acute Forebodings of Possible Slave Rebellions
January, 1857 to February, 1857
ORLEANS, Louisiana
Crime/Violence, SlaveryA New Orleans newspaper editor published news of slave disturbances' throughout the South. The Times Picayune of New Orleans, Louisiana reported, the increased discontents have as often shown that a remedy has not been reached;it is not to be disguised that violent offenses, breaches of the peace, and homicides have multiplied, especially of late;' Other reports from various...
- Salary denied to minister who preaches antislavery.
November 5, 1857
RICHLAND, South Carolina
Church/Religious-Activity, SlaveryIn Cherryfield, Maine a minister sued to recover his salary which the church had refused to pay him as a result of his preaching about his antislavery beliefs. The church claimed that his contract stipulated that he was not to preach about anything political and thus he was in breach of contract. The lawsuit, when reported in the newspaper, had not yet been resolved. The writers of The Southern...