Episodes Nearest to July 1, 1854 to December 31, 1854: 1 through 25 of 25

  1. The Joint-Worm Convention
    date July, 1854 to 1854map FAUQUIER, Virginiatags Agriculture, Economy

    To the residents of Fauquier County, and those living in many parts of Virginia, agriculture was a way of life. And if that livelihood was threatened, the residents knew that they would have to work together to protect it. As the New York Times reported on July 21, 1854, farmers held a convention in Warrenton, Va, entitled The Joint-Worm Convention, in an effort to stop the destruction...

  2. A Slanderous Newspaper
    date September 27, 1854map HINDS, Mississippitags Politics

    In the nineteenth century, politicians and political parties owned the newspapers, and

    utilized them for their own personal agendas. Newspapers played an important role in the

    advertisement and propaganda leading up to an election, no matter its size. Politicians were

    scared of the newspapers and what they could do to their chances of election, if the opposing

    party...

  3. Internal Improvements in Norfolk
    date November, 1854map NORFOLK CITY, Virginiatags Economy

    By November 1854, Virginia's economic output had slipped behind the other Southern states' production. Improvements were necessary in order to bring the Old Dominion back to its previous dominance. In an essay entitled Views on the Internal Improvement System of Virginia, an author under the name One of her sons described the dismal state of Virginia's economy, and stressed the need...

  4. Baptists Educating Women for the Sake of Men
    date August 11, 1854map WASHINGTON, Virginiatags Church/Religious-Activity, Education, Women

    When the Holston Baptist Association convened in 1854, the reverends of the association discussed the education of women. While 38 churches in attendance wanted to sustain denominational schools already in place, Reverend N. Baldwin, representing Abingdon, Virginia had a different suggestion. Baldwin's address began by accusing Europeans of being destroyers of Christian values. He argued that...

  5. The Murder of Mrs. Harris
    date December 25, 1854map ASCENSION, Louisianatags African-Americans, Crime/Violence, Law, Race-Relations, Slavery

    n the day of the murder, Ben Small kept watch in the yard for Isidore. Isidore knew that Mrs. Henry would never let Small in the house, so he had to commit the crime. After the murder, one of the men set fire to the house. Ben worried about the children who were asleep in the house at the time.

    This won't do, the children will be burned; let us wake them or put the fire out, Small reportedly...

  6. Economic Sociology of Enslavement
    date 1854map ORLEANS, Louisianatags Economy, Race-Relations, Slavery

    Henry Hughes published Treatise on Sociology: Theoretical and Practical at the age of 25 while living in New Orleans. His book argued that slavery was such a positive influence on dealings between masters and slaves that it should govern social relations throughout the United States, not just the South. African-Americans were not slaves, but rather warrantees. Hughes wrote: Property in men, is...

  7. Capitalist Enslavement
    date 1854map DAVIDSON, Tennesseetags Economy, Race-Relations, Slavery

    George Fitzhugh, a native of Brentsville, Virginia, published Sociology for the South, or the Failure of Free Society. He looked upon Africans and African-Americans as children, uniquely suited to slavery. Just as children cannot be governed by mere law ? because they are so much under the influence of impulse, passion and appetite, the negro individual had to be treated as a grown up child ? The...

  8. The Need for Railroads in Norfolk
    date 1854map NORFOLK CITY, Virginiatags Agriculture, Economy, Migration/Transportation, Urban-Life/Boosterism

    Railroads were an essential component to economic growth and stability during the mid-nineteenth century. One letter, written by An Eastern Virginian to The Lynchburg Virginian in 1854, stressed the vital need to fix the railways running between Norfolk and the Valley of Ohio. Though transporting goods to the Valley of Ohio was possible, the route was extremely difficult due to the railway's...

  9. The Last Frontier:  The Adirondack Mountains in the Nineteenth Century
    date 1854map NEW YORK, New Yorktags Urban Society, Arts/Leisure

    The loss of untouched and pristine nature began in nineteenth century America in the age growing urbanization and industrialization, yet a few places remained, allowing Americans to discover themselves in nature.  An 1854 illustration in Richards’ American Scenery:  Illustrated called “Lake in the Adirondacks, New York” revealed that these places did still exist in the nineteenth...

  10. Refuge in Religion: The Story of the Baptist Minister Noah Davis
    date 1854map BALTIMORE, Maryland, FREDERICK, Virginia, PROVIDENCE, Rhode Islandtags Slavery, Religion, African-Americans

    Noah Davis sat puzzled, he contemplated his next move. He had already purchased six of his children back from various slave owners, through hard work and many favors gained from people he discovered on his travels. His life defined turmoil. Noah Davis worked against the clock to purchase his seventh and final child, his daughter who was born into bondage. Noah Davis was already well versed in the...

  11. Washington Journalists
    date January 1, 1855map Washington City, District of Columbiatags Government, Law, Politics, Urban-Life/Boosterism

    With political and social temperatures running high in the winter of 1855, many journalists turned to debates concerning the acquisition of new lands, but this time outside of the modern day contiguous United States. Many rumors circulated about secret deals with foreign countries in exchange for economic and Republican support. One particular rumor published in an article from the Farmer's...

  12. A History of African Slaves in the American Revolution
    date January 1, 1855map SUFFOLK, Massachusettstags African-Americans, Emancipation, Abolitionism, Revolutionary War

    Freedom and the emancipation of slaves were not two separate ideals in separate times in American history.  One of the important milestones in the American Revolution was the Boston Massacre, in which one of the first people to die was a black slave. Some claimed he was one of the first martyrs of the American Revolution.  During the American Revolution, several regiments were formed by order...

  13. Missourians Invade a Kansas Territory Election
    date January 4, 1855map PLATTE, Missouritags Crime/Violence, Government, Politics, Migration/Transportation

    Reactions to the Kansas-Nebraska Act filled newspapers across the nation. National Era, an African-American newspaper based in Washington D.C. commented on the movement of pro-slavery people from Missouri into the Kansas territory. A letter from Governor Reeder of the Kansas territory, printed January 4, 1855, condemned the first election in the district for a delegate to Congress. Reeder...

  14. Mississippi Railroad Development
    date June 15, 1854map MARSHALL, Mississippitags Agriculture, Economy, Migration/Transportation

    In 1854, the central portion of Mississippi was still rural, and the road systems were

    definitely sparse. The Mississippi Central Rail-Road Company convened at their annual meeting

    to discuss the undertaking of a plan to connect central Mississippi with its neighbor to the north,

    Tennessee.

    These entrepreneurs and capitalists had a vision for the city of Holly Springs,

    Mississippi,...

  15. The Great Excursion of 1854
    date June 5, 1854map ROCK ISLAND, Illinoistags Migration/Transportation, Business

    On June 5, 1854, the Chicago and Rock Island Railroad held what would become known as "The Great Excursion of 1854." The two owners, Henry Furnam and Joseph Sheffield, invited many well known and successful politicians, artists, writers, clergy members, and academics, including former President Millard Fillmore, who met in Chicago for the June 5th departure. A New York Times correspondent...

  16. The Know-Nothing Party Emerges
    date June 3, 1854map Washington City, District of Columbiatags Church/Religious-Activity

    Officially called the American Party, the Know-Nothing political movement was spurred on by the influx of Irish Catholic immigrants into the United States in the 1840s, the greatest period of European migration ever seen so far. In 1854 immigrants formed a higher proportion of the total U.S. population than ever before or since that time. As the Whig Party disintegrated in the 1850s, separatists...

  17. The Kansas-Nebraska Act
    date May 30, 1854map Washington City, District of Columbiatags Slavery

    The U.S. Congress passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act which organized the remaining territories from the Louisiana Purchase into the U.S. territories of Nebraska and Kansas. This legislation was created and passed by proponents of popular sovereignty, who thought that states should have the right to determine whether they would allow slavery. Because every five slaves counted as three votes in determining...

  18. Cholera Epidemic
    date May 26, 1854 to June 3, 1854map DAVIDSON, Tennesseetags Health/Death, Migration/Transportation, Urban-Life/Boosterism

    Nineteen people in Nashville and the surrounding area died of what doctors suspected to be cholera. Most of the deaths occurred near the city limits. The Nashville Union sought to control any possible panic by relaying information of the epidemic with this concluding sentence: This is the whole truth up to this time [original emphasis]. They reassured their readers that once the weather changed...

  19. Know-Nothingism Condemned in Arkansas Legislature
    date January 10, 1855 to March 17, 1855map PULASKI, Arkansastags Law

    Despite is popularity in many political spheres, Know Nothingism failed to excite the political imagination of the inhabitants of Arkansas. As in other locales, the Know Nothing party attempted to raid the Southern Whig party in the hopes of increasing its own membership for the elections of 1854 and 1855. However, that effort, at least in Arkansas, was met only with defeat and denunciation. ...

  20. The White Slave from Virginia
    date March 9, 1855map ALEXANDRIA CITY, Virginiatags Race-Relations

    It is hard to believe one little girl could cause such a sensation, but when people caught site of Mary Mildred, a young former slave who had been employed in Alexandria, they were astonished and labeled her the white slave from Virginia. According to a New York Times article, the girl, whose father bought her freedom after escaping to Boston, was a real, 'Ida May,'- a young female...

  21. The Anthony Burns Affair
    date March, 1854 to June 2, 1854map FAIRFAX, Virginiatags Slavery

    A Virginia slave named Anthony Burns escaped from his master and made his way to Boston. Under the Fugitive Slave Act, his master had the right to recapture him and the ability to enlist local officials in his efforts. Burns was arrested in May on false burglary charges. Abolitionists tried every legal gambit they knew, but President Pierce and the U.S. attorney were determined to carry out the...

  22. The Arrest of Anthony Burns
    date February 1, 1854 to May 1, 1854map HENRICO, Virginiatags African-Americans, Slavery

    At the beginning of 1854, Anthony Burns was a slave in Richmond, Virginia. He also worked as a deliveryman for a druggist named Mr. Millspaugh. One February day, after a delivery, Anthony secretly boarded a "Baltimore clipper" headed to Boston with the goal of finally attaining his freedom. He spent three grueling weeks balled up in a space hardly big enough for his body, fighting the cold and...

  23. The Sale of James Miles' Library
    date March 8, 1854map CHARLESTON, South Carolinatags Arts/Leisure, Education

    One criterion for personal enlightenment in Charleston during the 1850s was the acquisition of a personal library. Such a library could be large-Charlestonians Thomas Smyth and William Gilmore Simms owned 20,000 and 12,000 volumes, respectively, in the 1850s-or much smaller. Regardless, it was important to have the newest book on your shelf, a collection of the classics, or at least a few books...

  24. The Black Warrior Affair Exposes U.S. Tensions with Spain
    date February 28, 1854 to March 16, 1854map CHARLESTON, South Carolinatags Diplomacy/International, Economy, Law, Migration/Transportation, Politics

    On March 13, 1854 the Charleston Daily Courier ran a series of correspondences from Havana which reported on the escalating Black Warrior affair. These correspondences explain that on February 28 the ship Black Warrior stopped in Havana on its way from Mobile to New York as it had done numerous times in the past and upon arriving delivered its manifest to customs as was required. The captain listed...

  25. New Orleans Slave Market
    date April 27, 1855map ORLEANS, Louisianatags African-Americans, Slavery

    Human beings sold as cattle was a most atrocious sight for many of the on looking slaves held in the slave markets. For Anne Lynch Botta, a slave woman, a scene where people were priced based on their age, physical traits, and behaviors was a most painful sight. In an instant a child could be ripped from its mother's arms, but on that day, April 27, 1855, a mother and child were fortunate enough...