Episodes Nearest to April 22, 1831: 1 through 25 of 25

  1. Robbery by Spaniards
    date April 22, 1831map BIBB, Georgiatags Crime/Violence, Native-Americans

    Ten years after the acquisition of Florida from Spain, Mr. Munroe, his wife, and a guide rode horseback on a secluded road near Matanzas, Georgia, a few short miles from the Florida border. Although most cross border violence subsided in the decade that passed since Florida joined the United States, the Munroes would not be so lucky on this April night.

    As they traveled down the road, two...

  2. Dueling: An Expression of Southern Honor
    date April 18, 1831map HENRICO, Virginiatags Urban-Life/Boosterism, War

    Dueling was a very important part of southern culture during the 1830s and displayed a major element of the personality and ideas of southern white men. On April 18, 1831, a duel took place in Richmond, Virginia, between a Mr. Prior and a Mr. Rae. Both gentleman resided in the central Virginia region and were of the wealthy class among their local communities. The fight began over a dispute about...

  3. Be Prepared
    date April, 1831map SUFFOLK, Massachusettstags Education, Women

    In April of 1830 in Boston, Sarah Josepha Hale made a speech about boarding schools that would change how women were educated. She said that it was good to have women learn their domestic duties, but it was not enough. A woman must learn morals and have mental capacity in order to interact with other people, and mothers who teach their daughters, teach the opposite because they have not learned...

  4. Perry's Detainment
    date 1831map TERRITORY, Territorytags Agriculture, Economy, Government, Politics, Migration/Transportation

    An unidentified man named Perry (likely a relative of James Perry) had finally arrived in Texas. As he is mentioned in a letter to James Perry, who had a number of business interests in Texas, it is probable that he was there in a role of some relation to James Perry's investments. Unfortunately for Perry, the winter of 1831 was the worst winter that Texas had experienced for several years....

  5. Augusta County, Nat Turner, and Abolition
    date 1831map AUGUSTA, Virginiatags African-Americans, Crime/Violence, Politics, Race-Relations, Slavery, Women

    In 1831, the news of Nat Turner's rebellion provoked a seemingly unexpected response from women in Augusta County, Virginia: a call for abolition. While the women called their actions unexampled, and they felt all the timidity incident to our sex in entering the sphere of politics, they worried that the revolt was but a partial execution of a widely projected scheme of carnage. They could not...

  6. Cholera
    date 1831map SUFFOLK, Massachusettstags Health/Death

    A Cholera epidemic struck the citizens of the United States of America in 1831. Doctors all over the Nation treated its victims without much success. Many doctors published their feelings and findings in medical journals. A Doctor Smith from Boston wrote about his voyage to Russia that year to compare their epidemic to the one in America. Dr. Smith was horrified to see so many helpless poor Russian...

  7. Missionaries and the Choctaws
    date 1831map INDIAN LANDS, Georgiatags Church/Religious-Activity, Native-Americans

    Mr. Cushman and his fellow missionaries broke ground in the "unbroken wilderness" of Choctaw Nation on October 15, 1827 and on July 31, 1831 he published a letter about his experiences in The Missionary Herald titled, Effects of the Gospel on the People. Upon his arrival in 1827, Cushman found the members of the Choctaw tribe to be entirely heathen and uncivilized in both appearance and practice....

  8. Fourth of July Oration
    date July 4, 1831map Washington City, District of Columbiatags Arts/Leisure, Politics

    It was the Fourth of July, 1831. Francis Scott Key, author of the Star Spangled banner, delivered the oration in the Rotunda of the Capitol of the United States. He spoke to unite the country and reflect the significance of freedom. Independence Day was newly designated since the county had only recently gained independence from Great Britain. Francis Scott Key was aware of the magnitude of...

  9. Nat Turner's Rebellion
    date February 12, 1831 to November, 1831map SOUTHAMPTON, Virginiatags African-Americans, Crime/Violence, Race-Relations, Slavery

    Nat Turner was an American slave who lived in Southampton County Virginia, from 1800 to 1831. Nat grew up very religious, and had the ability to read and write. Along with his education, his spirituality gave him a distinct view of the injustices of slavery taking place around him. Turner believed that he could lead a successful revolt, and in February of 1831 he executed his plan. Turner's...

  10. Indian Removal and the 1832 Election
    date February 2, 1831map ONTARIO, New Yorktags Andrew Jackson, Cherokee Indians, Native Americans, 1832 election, Henry Clay, Five Civilized Tribes, Creek Indians, American Indian Policy, Indian Removal, Land Policy, Manifest Destiny

    February 2nd 1831

    Geneva Courier: “American Systems. For President, Henry Clay.”

    There were two major contenders in the 1832 presidential election, the incumbent Andrew Jackson and the challenger Henry Clay. Jackson was quite popular, which was largely due to the fact that he was the first modern politician who had carefully crafted an image for himself. His popularity...

  11. Runaway Slaves
    date July 22, 1831map ACCOMACK, Virginiatags African-Americans, Race-Relations

    Sometime in October of 1831, two female slaves, Abigail and Ann, escaped with their children from Daniel McKenzie, a local slave trader from Accomack, Virginia. The slaves were later apprehended and placed into the custody of a sheriff in the state of Delaware. Once in Delaware the slaves sued in forma pauperis for their freedom. Before the slaves could appear in front of the court, they escaped...

  12. Education within the Patriarchal South
    date July 29, 1831map ALBEMARLE, Virginiatags Education

    As the school term drew to a close, W. F. Nelson wrote a letter to his uncle on July 29, 1831 informing him of his son's academic progress and behavioral development over the course of the session. After naming classical studies and algebra as Cleland's primary interests of study, Nelson wrote that if his uncle decided to continue Cleland's schooling, he should begin the study of Geometry...

  13. Mr. Brown and the Indians
    date January 13, 1831map TERRITORY, Territorytags Crime/Violence, Government, Politics, Migration/Transportation, Native-Americans, Race-Relations, War

    Mr. Brown's absence was a strain on the family that he left behind. Taking care of day-to-day business without a husband and father in the rough settlement of San Felipe de Austin was not an easy feat. The pressures upon the family increased as time went by, and the news of him they received after his absence spanned one month was not heartening. Brown was taking part in an exploration of the...

  14. Riot on the Railroad
    date August 19, 1831map FREDERICK, Marylandtags Crime/Violence, Migration/Transportation, Race-Relations

    In mid-August 1831, African Americans and Irishmen rioted in Frederick, Maryland. Lasting two days, the conflict was of so violent a nature that the citizens of New-Market and its vicinity were compelled to interfere, who, after a vigorous and obstinate resistance, succeeded in dispersing the Irish and capturing about twenty of the ring leaders. The captured Irishmen werent jailed for long because...

  15. While They Were Sleeping
    date August 21, 1831 to August 22, 1831map SOUTHAMPTON, Virginiatags African-Americans, Church/Religious-Activity, Crime/Violence, Race-Relations, Slavery

    On a Sunday night in mid-August, Joseph Travis slept peacefully next to his wife in the home they shared with their three children. The couple had just borne an infant, who that night was sleeping soundly, giving the parents a chance to rest undisturbed. The husband awoke to a sharp blow to his head, shot up out of bed, and called out to his wife. Mrs. Travis awoke to see her husband cut down with...

  16. Armed and Dangerous... Slaves in Southampton County
    date August 22, 1831 to September 4, 1831map SOUTHAMPTON, Virginiatags African-Americans, Crime/Violence, Race-Relations, Slavery

    "An insurrection was to take place today in Norfolk when the people were in the different churches-there were to be surrounded and the occupants destroyed-at [the] same time the work of destruction by fire and sword was to go on all over the town." William Campbell penned these words in a letter dated September 4, 1831, describing the Southampton slave insurrection that had begun on August 22, 1831....

  17. Jackson's Support for Indian Removal
    date December 8, 1830map Washington City, District of Columbiatags Government, Native-Americans

    President Andrew Jackson fought bravely against the Indians in numerous wars before becoming president in 1828. President Jackson was a strong opponent of Indian tribes. On May 28, 1930, President Jackson signed into law the Indian Removal Act. Congress passed the treaty in order to relocate the Indian tribes living east of the Mississippi River to lands in the west. Although, the act did not order...

  18. James Barbour Retires from Politics
    date December 7, 1830map HENRICO, Virginiatags Government, Politics

    In a letter to his brother-in-law, Daniel Bryan, on December 7, 1830, James Barbour discussed his life and retirement from politics. Barbour had been a member of the House of Delegates in Virginia from 1793 to 1804 and again from 1808 to 1812, the governor of Virginia from 1812 to 1815, a Virginia senator from 1815 to 1825, and the U.S. Secretary of War from 1825 to 1828. Writing to Bryan, Barbour...

  19. Women's Benevolent Societies
    date September 14, 1831map NEW YORK, New Yorktags Church/Religious-Activity, Women

    On September 14, 1831, members of the Female Assistance Society of New York met to discuss preparations for their charitable work for the upcoming winter. Eighteen years previously, the organization had been founded by wives of high status New York men who wished to do more than simply be an ordinary housewife. The main focus of this non profit organization was to provide as much assistance as...

  20. The African American Community-free and enslaved
    date September 26, 1831map BRUNSWICK, Virginiatags African-Americans, Slavery

    On September 26, 1831, Lucetta Morse finally confirmed her status as a free woman of color in the county of Brunswick, Virginia. In order for her freedom to be established, Lucetta was subjected to an intense physical examination of her body. The commissioner looked for any distinguishing or identifying marks and recorded all of his findings in a ledger which contained similar information about...

  21. Nat Turner Captured Alive
    date October 30, 1831map SOUTHAMPTON, Virginiatags African-Americans, Crime/Violence, Race-Relations, Slavery

    Following the bloody aftermath of the August 22 murders by Nat Turner and his followers, was a reaction that had ripples across the state of Virginia as well as the South. Not only had the local Militias been called out to search for Turner, but the mayor of Norfolk had even sent men and naval vessels to assist in the search. The apprehension of Nat Turner proved to be less dramatic than the outcry....

  22. Georgia Gold Rush Report
    date October 9, 1830tags Crime/Violence, Economy, Race-Relations

    The Georgia Gold Rush peaked during the fall of 1830 when additional large quantities of gold was discovered in previously unsurveyed Cherokee territory, specifically in what became Lumpkin County. As a result of the discovery “thousands of persons' entered Cherokee territory “employed in taking great quantities in value of gold therefrom' according to a statement from Governor...

  23. Presbyterianism and the Creation of Cherokee Sovereignty
    date July 6, 1831 to March 3, 1832map INDIAN LANDS, Georgiatags Church/Religious-Activity, Government, Law, Native-Americans

    On July 6th, 1831 Presbyterian ministers of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions Elizur Butler and Samuel Austin Worcester began their 110 mile march to a Georgia penitentiary from the neighboring Cherokee lands in chains. Arrested in New Echota by the Georgia Guard and detained indefinitely, Butler and Worcester were charged with the direct violation of a new Georgia state law...

  24. Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek
    date September 27, 1830tags Migration/Transportation, Race-Relations

    The Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek was signed between the Choctaw Indians of Mississippi and the U.S. Federal Government on September 27, 1830. Dancing Rabbit Creek was the first official treaty signed under the Indian Removal Act of 1830, an Act which allowed the President to negotiate with Indian tribes living within the boundaries of existing U.S. states to voluntarily exchange their lands for...

  25. Race and Medical Care
    date November 18, 1831map AMELIA, Virginiatags African-Americans, Health/Death, Slavery

    On November 18, 1831 Dr. Stirling Ford paid a visit to the slave of Mrs. Evans. In his journal, Dr. Ford gives an account of the slave woman's condition and treatment prescribed for her blister to the neck and open bowels [and] debility headache. Although it might seem normal that a doctor would treat an ailing person, not all nineteenth century physicians were willing to take on African Americans,...